Plastics yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, tsis tshua muaj nqi, tsis tshua muaj ceev, siab nyob rau hauv tej lub zog, zoo nyob rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev, tshuaj ruaj khov, shock absorbing thiab hnav-resistant, thiab yog siv ntau heev nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub.
muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm yas
Plastics yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas muaj cov tshuaj polymerized los ntawm cov monomers uas tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom hnyav molecular polymers. Tsawg-molecular compound monomers hloov mus rau hauv cov tshuaj macromolecular los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization, thiab lawv cov atoms tsim cov qauv macromolecular los ntawm covalent bonds, thiab cov txheeb ze molecular loj feem ntau tsis tsawg dua 10^4.
Polymer macromolecules yog lub hauv paus ntev ntev-zoo li cov qauv, nrog ntxiv cov tshuaj lom neeg tsim cov ceg raws lub ntsiab molecular "Spine". Txawm hais tias lo lus yas feem ntau yog siv los ua ib lub ntsiab lus rau cov khoom siv polymer, cov yas feem ntau yog sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws, cov roj nplaum los pab hauv molding, thiab tshuaj los txhim kho cov khoom siv. Plasticizers, anti-aging stabilizers, fillers los txo cov nqi tsim, nplaim hluav taws xob los txhim kho lub cev, nucleating agents los txhim kho cov khoom kho qhov muag thiab lwm yam additives, thiab lwm yam.
Resin yog hais txog lub polymer compound uas tsis tau tov nrog ntau yam additives. Lub sij hawm resin yog Ameslikas lub npe tom qab lipids secreted los ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag, xws li rosin thiab shellac. Resin suav txog li 40 feem pua rau 100 feem pua ntawm tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm cov yas. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm plastics feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov resin, tab sis cov khoom ntxiv kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Yas additives yog ib co tebchaw uas yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm polymers (synthetic resins) los yog txhim kho cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov resin nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, plasticizers yog ntxiv los txo cov molding kub ntawm polyvinyl chloride resin thiab ua rau cov khoom muag; Lwm qhov piv txwv yog ntxiv cov tshuaj foaming los npaj lub teeb yuag, kev co-resistant, kub-insulating, thiab suab-insulating foamed plastics; qhov decomposition kub yog ze heev rau molding ua kub, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem moulded yam tsis tau ntxiv cov cua sov stabilizer. Yog li ntawd, yas additives nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv yas molding ua.
Common Plastic additives yog raws li nram no
Fillers
Fillers tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab kub ua haujlwm ntawm cov yas thiab txo cov nqi. Piv txwv li, ntxiv cov hmoov ntoo rau phenolic resin tuaj yeem txo tus nqi zoo heev, ua phenolic yas yog ib qho ntawm cov yas uas pheej yig tshaj plaws, thiab tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog txhua yam. Fillers tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov organic fillers thiab inorganic fillers, cov qub xws li ntoo hmoov, rags, ntawv thiab ntau yam ntaub fibers, thiab lwm yam, thiab tom kawg xws li iav fibers, diatomaceous ntiaj teb, asbestos, carbon dub, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm fillers nyob rau hauv plastics feem ntau tswj hauv qab 40 feem pua.
Plasticizers
Plasticizers tuaj yeem ua kom cov yas thiab softness ntawm cov yas, txo cov brittleness, thiab ua kom cov yas yooj yim rau kev ua thiab cov duab. Plasticizers (plasticizers) feem ntau yog miscible nrog resins, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis muaj ntxhiab, lub teeb thiab kub-ruaj khov siab-boiling organic tebchaw, feem ntau siv yog phthalates. Piv txwv li, thaum tsim cov yas polyvinyl chloride, yog tias ntxiv cov yas yas ntxiv, cov yas mos polyvinyl chloride tuaj yeem tau.
Stabilizers
Stabilizers feem ntau yog xa mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm uas khaws cov khoom siv polymer siab, roj hmab, hluavtaws fibers, thiab lwm yam. ruaj khov thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev decomposing thiab kev laus. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluavtaws los ntawm kev decomposed thiab puas los ntawm lub teeb thiab cua sov thaum ua thiab siv, thiab kom ntev lub neej kev pab cuam, ib tug stabilizer yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov yas. Feem ntau siv yog stearate, epoxy resin thiab lwm yam. Tus nqi ntawm stabilizer feem ntau yog {{0}}.3 mus rau 0.5 feem pua ntawm cov yas.
Xim xim
Colorants muab plastics ntau yam vibrant, aesthetically pleasing xim. Organic dyes thiab inorganic pigments feem ntau yog siv los ua cov xim. Cov xim tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws feem ntau yog xim dawb lossis tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab. Colorants feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam ntau lawm kom muaj xim ntawm cov khoom yas.
Antioxidant
Tiv thaiv cov yas los ntawm cua sov thiab oxidized thaum lub sij hawm cua sov molding los yog kub kub siv, uas yuav ua rau cov yas tig daj thiab tawg.
Antistatic tus neeg sawv cev
Yas yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo, yog li nws yooj yim rau kev them nqi hluav taws xob zoo li qub, thiab tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem muab cov yas me me rau nruab nrab hluav taws xob conductivity, yog li tiv thaiv kev sib sau ntawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub ntawm cov khoom.
Ntxiv rau cov additives saum toj no, nplaim retardants, foaming agents, antistatic agents, conductive agents, magnetic permeability agents, compatibilizers, thiab lwm yam Nws tseem tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov yas. Ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv sib txawv.
