Polystyrene (PS) yog dab tsi?
Nws yog ib qho hluavtaws polymer uas tsim los ntawm monomer styrene. PS yog tsim los ntawm lub polymerization ntawm styrene uas yog ib hom lub tsev thaiv khoom siv los tsim ntau yam khoom yas. Nws kuj tshwm sim lawm (strawberries, cinnamon, kas fes thiab npias).
No polymer yas yog lub pob tshab ntuj thermoplastic uas muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo raws li cov khoom ua tsis ncaj. Feem ntau siv PS cov ntaub ntawv meej, nyuab thiab nkig hauv cov khoom.
Nws nquag siv cov yas los tsim ntau yam khoom kawg. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov yas yog dav siv los tsim cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau clarity. Cov no feem ntau siv nrog rau cov xim muaj xim, cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab lwm cov khoom ntawm yas los tsim cov khoom xws li khoom siv hluav taws xob, khoom seem, cov cav ntoo, cov khoom siv thiab lwm yam khoom.
PS yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ua npuas thiab muab tso rau hauv Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) los yog Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) uas yog lub npe rau nws cov khoom siv tho thiab cushioning.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv no feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntawv kho mob siv (kev siv tshuaj tua hluav taws, Petri cov khoom noj thiab lwm yam) los yog rau ib hnub rau cov khoom xws li cov pa hluavtaws, CDs, cov tais diav, kasfes khob thiab lwm yam. raws li ib tug ntim khoom rau ntau yam khoom.
Ntiaj teb kev lag luam Forecast rau Polystyrene
Kev ua lag luam rau PS muaj kev cog lus tias yuav loj tshaj ntau dua li $ 28 bn los ntawm 2020. Lub khw yog nyob hauv US $ 24bn nyob rau hauv 2016 thiab yuav hla US $ 28bn los ntawm 2020 raws li kev lag luam kev lag luam. PS yas ua lag luam tau nce zuj zus sai kawg txij li ob peb xyoos thiab tseem tuaj yeem nce nyob rau xyoo tom ntej no.
PS yog ntau hom yas nrog ntau tus siv hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam ntu ciaj. PS yog dav siv los tsim txhua hnub siv cov khoom siv xws li cov tub yees, cua txias, televisions, khoos phis tawj thiab cov tais diav uas siv tas (cov khob haus foamed, phaj thiab tais).
Kev tsav tsheb
Yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua lag luam PS yog cov pejxeem kev loj hlob, nce kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, nce nyiaj hauv theem nrab.
Ntim thiab electronics sector yog ob qho lag luam loj uas tau pom qhov kev loj hlob ntawm PS hauv xyoo tas los thiab tseem npaj siab yuav ntxiv roj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb PS lag luam.
Regional Outlook
Suav teb yuav tsum yog lub khw loj tshaj plaws rau PS rau lub xyoo (2016-17) uas yog raws li lwm cov kev lag luam tshiab hauv cov tebchaws Es Xias- Pacific. Txawm li cas los xij cov tebchaws Asmeskas-Pacific muaj coob tus neeg thoob ntiaj teb tab sis tseem muaj lwm lub teb chaws xws li Teb chaws Asmeskas, Tebchaws Europe, thiab South America kuj tseem xav kom muaj kev xav tau ntxiv nyob rau xyoo tom ntej.
Kev txwv
Nws tseem raug rau qee yam kev tiv thaiv nyob rau lub sij hawm muaj kev txwv xws li cov nqi khoom noj khoom haus hloov (benzene, styrene monomer thiab lwm yam). Pov tseg cov teeb meem ntsig txog cov khoom siv no thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo tsis zoo kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev lag luam.
Ua Cov Thawj Coj
Topmost players ntawm PS nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev lag luam yog BASF SE (Lub teb chaws Yelemees), Styrosolution Group (Lub teb chaws Yelemees), Yeeb yaj duab S / A. (Sao Paulo), SABIC (Saudi Arabia), thiab Formosa Plastic Corporation (Taiwan) ntawm tag nrho lwm cov tuam ntxhab.
Keeb kwm ntawm PS Polymer
Nws tau pib nrhiav los ntawm Eduard Ximoos, ib tug apothecary ntawm Berlin. Los ntawm storax, tus qauv ntawm Turkish cov pos hniav cov kua qaub Liquidambar ib qho dej ntawm cov khoom zoo li lub npe hu ua styrol. Tom qab ob peb hnub ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav, Ximoos pom tau hais tias cov khoom uas tau ua los ntawm monomer tau thickened vim oxidation rau hauv ib daim ntawv jelly uas nws npe hu ua "Styroloxyd".
Hauv xyoo 1845 John Blyth thiab lwm pab pawg kws German hu ua Wilhelm Von Hofmann tau hloov tib yam kev hloov ntawm cov cua hauv qhov tsis muaj oxygen. Cov tshuaj no tau muab tso ua "metastyrol". Tom qab, kev tshuaj xyuas pom tias cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm ob yam khoom tsim muaj tib yam.
Ntxiv nyob rau hauv 1866 Marcelin Berthelot ua tib zoo soj ntsuam qhov tsim ntawm metatyrol / chav ntawm styrol los ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm polymerization.
Tom qab 80 xyoo ntawm lub sij hawm sib txawv, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm thesis ntawm German organic chemist "Hermann Stathinger (1881-1965)," nws tau pom tias cua sov ntawm styrol tau tshwm sim hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab uas ua rau ntau cov tshuaj macromolecules uas hu ua PS plastics.
Cov khoom ntawm PS Plastics
Nws yog ntau hom kev siv cov yas siv los ua ntau yam khoom kawg ntawm cov khoom yas. PS polymer yog ib qho meej, amorphous, non-ncov qee yam khoom uas ua tau yooj yim tiav thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov khoom siv ntau yam khoom tiav xws li cov foams, films, thiab cov ntawv txheeb. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub ntim, nws yog ib qho ntawm ntau tshaj plaws siv yas vim nws lub zog xws li:
Nws muaj feem xyuam thiab kub tsis ua haujlwm.
Cov polymers no yog ib qho zoo hluav taws xob insulator nrog kev kho qhov muag zoo heev.
PS muaj zog chemical tsis kam mus rau diluted acids thiab bases.
Nws yog ib cov kua khov dua saum nws cov iav kub uas tso cai yooj yim rau hauv ntau cov khoom tiav.
Lawv yuav yooj yim expandable thiab cia zoo khiav.
Cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov khoom hluav taws kub heev.
Lub Cev Lub Cev ntawm PS
Cov tshuaj formula siv rau PS yog (C8H8) n
Qhov ntom-0.96-1.04 g / cm3
Melting point yog ~ 240 ° C (464 ° F; 513 K) [4] Rau Isotactic PS
Dej cev nyob rau hauv dej-insoluble
Dej cev-Tsis yog dej tshuaj nyob rau hauv acetone [1]
Thermal conductivity ntawm polymer yog 0.033 W / (M · K) (ua npuas ncauj, ρ 0.05 g / cm3) [2]
Refractive index yog 1.6; dielectric qhov 2.6 (1 kHz - 1 GHz) [3]
Txawv Cov Qib ntawm PS Plastics
PS yog suav nrog ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab siv cov khoom siv yas hauv khw. Lub ntim ntawm PS thiab styrene copolymers ntau lawm ntawm ntau lab tons ib xyoos thoob ntiaj teb.
Nws tau muag hauv ntau hom npe xws li (Styrofoam, Styropor, Styron, Carinex, Styro-Flex, Cellofoam, Depron XPS, Fostarene, Styraclear, Lustrex1, SABIC PS, thiab INEOS Styrenics).
Feem ntau, cov polymers no muaj nyob hauv peb qib tseem ceeb uas yog:
GPPS
GPPS kuj tau hais ua Crystal-clear PS. Daim ntawv no ntawm cov khoom yas yog pob ntseg, tsis yeem thiab feem ntau yog qes-nqi PS ua los ntawm styrene monomer. GPPS yog ib daim qauv ntawm PS manufactured nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 2-5 hli PS pellets.
HIPS
High PS feem ntau muaj feem ntau 5 mus rau 10% ntawm roj hmab (butadiene) thiab yog ua rau cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau muaj zog ntau dua. HIPS PS feem ntau yog ib hom kev sib txuas ntawm copolymer PS raws li sab caj npab. Cov txheej txheem kev tshwm sim muaj tshwm sim thaum qee cov kev tawm tsam nrog rau kev sib nyiaj ntawm poly-butadiene.
EPS
Cov qhabnias ntawm cov yas no muaj cov micro-pellets lossis cov hlaws dai uas muaj cov tshuab tua kabmob (feem ntau pentane). EPS lossis Foamed PS yog thev ntim cov thev naus laus zis thiab ua tau yooj yim.
Daim ntaub ntawv ntawm PS Plastics
Nws yog ib qho pheej yig thiab yooj yim muaj daim npog ntawm lub polymer. Nws yog siv rau ntau daim ntaub ntawv xws li tshuab hluav taws xob, kho mob, kho qhov muag, tsheb yam khoom, thiab ntim ntawm cov khoom siv. Ntau cov khoom siv uas siv cov PS yog tsim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj molding xws li cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, khob haus dej, cov ntaub ntawv CD, cov thawv kom zoo nkauj thiab npog thiab lwm yam.
Nws yog siv los ua ob hom ntawm cov khoom tiav-PS Sheet thiab PS Ua Npuas Ncauj. No semi-tiav zoo yog dav siv los tsim cov khoom kawg rau ntau hom kawg ntawm kev lag luam.
Polystyrene Sheet
PS yog dav siv los tsim cov feem ntau styrene los xij uas yog ntxiv rau kev tsim qauv, prototypes, cov cim, cov lus, cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntau dua. Cov ntawv txheeb xyuas no yog cov khoom qis thiab siv rau kev siv hom phiaj. PS nplooj ntawv raug dua dua lwm daim ntawv txheeb rau ntau yam khoom raws li lawv:
Dej Resistant mus rau high ntom
Lub teeb nyhav
Kub rhiab
Pom zoo
Tsis muaj kuab lom thiab ntxhiab tsw
Cov khoom zoo heev
Dim qhov ruaj khov & dej tsis haum
Kub & khoob hauv tshuab hluav taws xob
Kev lag luam
PS Luam - Cov khoom ntawm lub cev
Ua kom sov: 325 ° F rau 350 ° F
Tshaj siab tshaj plaws: 180 ° F
Ua raws li cov qauv FDA
Opaque nrog matte finish
Txo daim ntawv xaj ntawm qhov muag- 40 "x 72
Polystyrene ua npuas ncauj
PS npaus yog ib daim ntawv ntawm ib qho kev ua tiav zoo ntawm lub polymer uas yog siv ntxiv los tsim tsim kawg ntawm cov khoom siv. PS foams muaj 95-98% ntawm cov huab cua. Lawv zoo thermal insulators, yog li ntawd, yog dav siv raws li lub tsev rwb thaiv cov khoom.
Txoj kev npuas dej ntawm damping PS ua rau nws zoo heev rau lub lag luam kev lag luam. PS yog siv rau ib qho loj heev hauv kev lag luam.
Cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov nqi qis ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj ua pov thawj ua kom muaj kev sib tw rau lwm hom kev siv polymers uas siv rau hauv kev lag luam. PS foams noj kuj siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho sector rau kev tsim kho ntawm non-hnyav bearing architectural sectors xws li cov qauv ntoo.
General Properties ntawm PS Ua Npuas Ncauj
Kev sib thiab portable,
Yooj yim recyclable,
Yuav muab tau yooj yim laminated nrog epoxy resin,
PS foams muaj cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev,
Nws yog qhov zoo rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov / sab hauv tsev,
Resistant ntawm ya raws thiab compression,
Tsawg nqi thiab kub heev
Ua rau nyias daim qauv, ntau thiab ntau yam ntaub ntawv.
PS foams feem ntau ua rau ob hom sib txawv:
A. Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)
EPS yog hom qij, tawv thiab kaw ua npuas dej. Nws yog xim dawb nyob rau hauv qhov tsos thiab ua los ntawm cov ris pre-expand PS hlaws. EPS yog ib qho uas feem ntau siv PS npaus hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Cov kua dawb npuas feem ntau yog siv rau cov dej haus kub, hauv tub yees, rwb thaiv tsev, thiab lwm yam khoom.
EPS cov ntaub ntawv yog pheej yig thiab hnav (15-30 kg ntawm cov ntsuas kub sau) Nws tsis poob nws cov khoom vaj tse nrog lub sij hawm thiab tag nrho siv dua thiab rov qab siv dua los tswj qhov chaw seem.
Vim nws txoj haujlwm zoo thiab lub cev xws li qis, qis, thiab kev txiav txim siab, EPS raug coj los siv rau ntau hom kev siv. Nws yog txawm siv los ua cov nplooj ntawv molded uas yog siv rau lub tsev rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov khoom ntim khoom
B. Extruded Polystyrene (XPS)
XPS yog lwm daim npaus uas muaj kev npau npau loj tuaj thiab muaj zog nrawm nrog thermal conductivity. Cov kab sib txawv yog kwv yees li ntawm 28-45 kg / m 3. Nws muaj tib yam tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg xws li ntawm EPS tab sis ua nrog lwm hom tshuab. EPS tuaj nyob rau hauv peb theem pib xim liab, xiav thiab ntsuab thiab lwm yam. Nws yog nquag siv rau kev tsim qauv ua qauv thiab hauv thaj chaw tsim kho.
Kev Siv General ntawm Polystyrene
Nws muaj feem xyuam rau ntau hom kev lag luam rau cov neeg lag luam rau ntau cov khoom hauv ntau hom ntawv. Nws tau dhau los ua cov qauv siv tshuaj polymer hauv ntau lub lag luam xws li:
Kev siv - Nws siv ntau yam khoom siv xws li cov tub yees, cov cua txias, qhov cub, microwaves, cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov nqus, thiab lwm yam khoom qub. Nws yog siv los ua cov khoom ua si los yog ua npuas ncauj ntau rau cov khoom siv li nws qhov chaw (tsis hnov mob nrog cov khoom ), raug nqi-ntev thiab ntev-ntev.
Automotive - PS (khoom thiab ua npuas dej) yog siv rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov tsheb nrog rau cov khoom siv, cov twj ntsuas, lub tsho, lub zog ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab lub tshuab ua suab nrov.
Electronics - Nws yog siv rau vaj tse thiab nyob rau lwm qhov ntawm TV, khoos phis tawj thiab ntau hom kev siv IT, qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm daim ntawv, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev ua kom loog zoo nkauj
Zaub Mov Noj - PS yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom lag luam raws li nws cov neeg sib tw. Nws yog dav siv rau hauv cov khoom noj ntim khoom noj raws li nws insulates zoo dua, ceev zaub mov tshiab ntev thiab yog tus nqi-zoo.
Rwb thaiv tsev - Kev Ncig Tawm Xob PS ua ke yuav ua kom muaj hluav taws xob zoo nyob hauv ntau hom kev siv xws li lub tsev phab ntsa, kev vov, cov tub yees, lub khov dej txias, thiab txawm nyob hauv cov chaw cia txias. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau kev rwb thaiv tsev vim nws yog ib qho kev phem, ruaj khov thiab tiv taus cov dej puas.
Kev Kho Mob - Vim nws qhov kev pom tseeb thiab yooj yim ntawm kev kho kom zoo, PS yog siv rau ntau hom kev kho mob xws li ntaub so ntswg kab noj, kuaj cov hlab ntsha, khoom noj khoom haus, cov khoom kuaj mob thiab lwm yam tshuaj kho mob.
Ntim- Nws yog siv heev thiab zoo dua cov khoom hauv lub lag luam sector. Nws yog siv los tiv thaiv cov neeg siv khoom xws li CD thiab DVD cov rooj sib txoos, ua npuas ncauj rau zaub mov, khoom ntim, cov nqaij thiab cov nqaij qaib thiab cov txauj thiab lwm yam.
Disadvantages Ntawm PS Plastics
Tab sis nws yog feem ntau siv thermoplastic thiab tseem nyiam tshaj lwm cov neeg sib tw rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev siv, tseem muaj qee cov kev txwv hauv kev siv uas yog:
Nws yog qhov cub, tab sis cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem kuj muaj.
Lawv yog cov tsis haum hnyav thiab tej zaum yuav tawm tsam los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj.
Homo-polymers yog nkig hauv qhov.
Ua rau kev ntxhov siab thiab ib puag ncig tawg.
Lawv muaj kev txom nyem thermal stability.
Recycling ntawm PS Plastics
Feem ntau, nws tsis tau txais nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau curbside ntawm cov chaw siv cov khoom ub no. Cov chaw zov me nyuam thiab cov tswv yim sib txawv siv rau kev ua dua tshiab ntawm PS. Nyob rau tej lub teb chaws xws li lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws muaj txoj cai uas yuav tsum tau ua kom lub tuam txhab tsim kom muaj kev pov thawj ntawm kev ua dua lossis muab pov tseg txhua yam khoom ntim PS uas lawv muag.
Kev ua dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv yas no yuav tsum muaj nyiaj ntau los tsim cov khoom compactors thiab logistical systems kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem. Kev siv cov khoom siv rov qab yog siv cov khoom tsim tawm tshiab PS los tsim cov ntawv PS thiab cov foams.
Kev Khwv Siv Ib Leeg PS yuav siv los tsim cov khoom xws li cov khaub ncaws, cov ntaub, cov chaw ua si, cov khoom ua si, cov khoom ua si, cov kav lub cev, cov thawv ntim khoom, duab thav ntawv thiab cov qauv mouldings los ntawm lwm yam.
